Summary Cause/Impetus The religious revival occurred in the late 1820s-1830s lasted about fifty years and spread through the whole United States. It is more commonly known as the Second Great Awakening, as (a continuation on) an expansion upon the First Great Awakening. The religious reform preached the divinity of the individual and also is known to be the cause of other reforms during this time period. Also, this reform brought about the thought that everyone was capable of salvation. Charles Grandison Finney along with William Miller and Barton Stone were some (was one) of the major motivators of the Second Great Awakening.
Goal of the Movement The religious revival was aimed towards getting people more religiously active in such religions like Methodist, Baptist, and Protestent religions. The people who remained religious wanted to re-teach the values that had disappeared. By successfully doing this, many people became more aware of their actions and wanted to clean themselves of sin. Reforms such as abolition and temperance prove this. Leaders of the Second Great Awakening were also trying to get people to become more aware of morals. Religions were very important within this time period as they provided a source of stability in America Tactics/Strategies Since many people were illiterate, they were unable to read the bible. During the Second Great Awakening singing became more common where the preacher would recite a phrase and the people would sing back. This was a process called lining. Also, group meetings like the ones at Cane Ridge allowed sermons to be spread to many people (up to 200,000 at one time). Another common way to spread word of religious values was through newspapers, where some of the key people of the revival published articles.
People gathered around to listen to a preacher
Successes/Failures
Successes
-Because religion was now being thought more about, there was a wave of social activism. -The Methodists and the Baptists were strengthened because of the revival, and the groups rose in numbers. -The abolition of slavery rose from social activism. - It was said that many souls have been reborn or saved because of this revival. - Strengthened the middle class because it brought about movements such as (abolition) , temperance, and suffrage . - Left a legacy as the greatest revival because of the many churches, social reforms and democratization.
Failures – Made people start to question their acts if they were considered good or bad. People became paranoid about sinful actions.
The Second Great Awakening had more successes than failures.
Who?Notably: Charles Grandison Finney, William Miller, Barton W. Stone, Timothy Dwight, Asahel Nettleton, Lyman Beecher and Nathaniel William Taylor What? Began to preach to all of the people who stopped attending mass, and introduce them again to God. Also, added the questioning thought if all of you're actions were going to be a sin. When?Late 1820's to 1830's Where?Originated in Kentucky and spread throughout America Why?In response to urbanization, rapid immigration and industrialization. How? By group meetings where preachers would preach and spread their ideas
One of the most influentel leaders during the 20s and 30s
He was the "father" of the religious revival
Quit his job in the legal profession and became an evangelist
Traveled through the Northeast and created lots of revivals
He launched a series of religious revivals along the Erie Canal. This region was so prone to religious revival it became known asthe "burned-over district".
Finney had a doctrine of personal regeneration, he felt as though predistination and human hopelessness were both uneeded and destructive.
→Studied the bible for years until he was certain he understood what was being said. → he started sharing his views in 1822 "I believe that the second coming of Jesus Christ is near, even at the door, even within twenty-one years,--on or before 1843." ( William Miller,) (voki) →Vermont Telegraph was a Baptist newspaper where Miller sent 16 of his articles
- Women commonly participated in church.
- This is because as being woman of the house, they take care of their husbands and kids and influence their lives.
- Women's views of themselves changed from being unworthy to having self value and pride.
- Also became very active throughout other reform movements, particularly temperance and in Utopian communities.
Key Events RESTORATION MOVEMENT - A Christian movement dedicated to restoring the church
http://www.caneridge.org/
- Consisted of different large meetings that promoted the second great awakening
CANE RIDGE
- One of the Restoration Movements which took place in Kentucky in 1801 - Consisted of about 20,000 people listening to preaching over a several day time period - Considered to be the beginning of the Second Great Awakening
OTHER MEETINGS - Spread to Western Pennsylvania and Virginia, these meetings were led by Alexander Cambell and his father Thomas Cambell
BURNED OVER DISTRICT - Many restoration movements happened next to or along the Erie Canal, it was known as "the burned-over district." - The restoration movements here were as a result of construction being done to the canal which changed the social behavior of the region.
MORMONISM - Started by Joseph Smith, in Up State New York, mormonism was a movement of religious revival which attemmpted to create a new, more ordered society with the help of the Church of Jesus Christ. - Book of Mormon, their version of the bible, told a story of i tribe of Israel that found their way to the new world centuries before Columbus and his crew did, who waited patiently for the Messiah, and were rewarded by Jesus when he came to America after his ressurection. - This was a Utopian society, but had religous affiliation to it, and was important to the revival.
Primary Sources:
Saints, Sinners and Reformers The Burned-Over District Re-Visited
Brinkley, Alan. American History: A Survey. 11th. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003. Print.
Kidder, David, and Noah Oppenheim . The Intellectual Devontional . New York City: Rodale, 2007. 87. Print.
LastLuisi-Potts , Billie. "The Second Great Awakening, Abolition And The Rise of Women's Rights In Seneca Country." Lodi Historical Society . Lodi Historical Society , Web. 17 Nov 2009. http://www.lodihistoricalsociety.com/node/133.
RELIGIOUS REVIVAL
Summary Cause/Impetus
The religious revival occurred in the late 1820s-1830s lasted about fifty years and spread through the whole United States. It is more commonly known as the Second Great Awakening, as (a continuation on) an expansion upon the First Great Awakening. The religious reform preached the divinity of the individual and also is known to be the cause of other reforms during this time period. Also, this reform brought about the thought that everyone was capable of salvation. Charles Grandison Finney along with William Miller and Barton Stone were some (was one) of the major motivators of the Second Great Awakening.
Goal of the Movement
The religious revival was aimed towards getting people more religiously active in such religions like Methodist, Baptist, and Protestent religions. The people who remained religious wanted to re-teach the values that had disappeared. By successfully doing this, many people became more aware of their actions and wanted to clean themselves of sin. Reforms such as abolition and temperance prove this. Leaders of the Second Great Awakening were also trying to get people to become more aware of morals. Religions were very important within this time period as they provided a source of stability in America
Tactics/Strategies
Since many people were illiterate, they were unable to read the bible. During the Second Great Awakening singing became more common where the preacher would recite a phrase and the people would sing back. This was a process called lining. Also, group meetings like the ones at Cane Ridge allowed sermons to be spread to many people (up to 200,000 at one time). Another common way to spread word of religious values was through newspapers, where some of the key people of the revival published articles.
Successes/Failures
Successes
-Because religion was now being thought more about, there was a wave of social activism.
-The Methodists and the Baptists were strengthened because of the revival, and the groups rose in numbers.
-The abolition of slavery rose from social activism.
- It was said that many souls have been reborn or saved because of this revival.
- Strengthened the middle class because it brought about movements such as (abolition) , temperance, and suffrage .
- Left a legacy as the greatest revival because of the many churches, social reforms and democratization.
Failures
– Made people start to question their acts if they were considered good or bad. People became paranoid about sinful actions.
The Second Great Awakening had more successes than failures.
Who? Notably: Charles Grandison Finney, William Miller, Barton W. Stone, Timothy Dwight, Asahel Nettleton, Lyman Beecher and Nathaniel William Taylor
What? Began to preach to all of the people who stopped attending mass, and introduce them again to God. Also, added the questioning thought if all of you're actions were going to be a sin.
When? Late 1820's to 1830's
Where? Originated in Kentucky and spread throughout America
Why? In response to urbanization, rapid immigration and industrialization.
How? By group meetings where preachers would preach and spread their ideas
Key Figures/People
→Studied the bible for years until he was certain he understood what was being said.
→ he started sharing his views in 1822 "I believe that the second coming of Jesus Christ is near, even at the door, even within twenty-one years,--on or before 1843." ( William Miller,) (voki)
→Vermont Telegraph was a Baptist newspaper where Miller sent 16 of his articles
→ Founder of the Christian Church
→Formed the Restoration Movement with Alexander Campbell
WOMEN
- Women commonly participated in church.
- This is because as being woman of the house, they take care of their husbands and kids and influence their lives.
- Women's views of themselves changed from being unworthy to having self value and pride.
- Also became very active throughout other reform movements, particularly temperance and in Utopian communities.
Key Events
RESTORATION MOVEMENT
- A Christian movement dedicated to restoring the church
- Consisted of different large meetings that promoted the second great awakening
CANE RIDGE
- One of the Restoration Movements which took place in Kentucky in 1801
- Consisted of about 20,000 people listening to preaching over a several day time period
- Considered to be the beginning of the Second Great Awakening
OTHER MEETINGS
- Spread to Western Pennsylvania and Virginia, these meetings were led by Alexander Cambell and his father Thomas Cambell
BURNED OVER DISTRICT
- Many restoration movements happened next to or along the Erie Canal, it was known as "the burned-over district."
- The restoration movements here were as a result of construction being done to the canal which changed the social behavior of the region.
MORMONISM
- Started by Joseph Smith, in Up State New York, mormonism was a movement of religious revival which attemmpted to create a new, more ordered society with the help of the Church of Jesus Christ.
- Book of Mormon, their version of the bible, told a story of i tribe of Israel that found their way to the new world centuries before Columbus and his crew did, who waited patiently for the Messiah, and were rewarded by Jesus when he came to America after his ressurection.
- This was a Utopian society, but had religous affiliation to it, and was important to the revival.
Primary Sources:
Saints, Sinners and Reformers The Burned-Over District Re-Visited
by John H. Martin http://www.crookedlakereview.com/books/saints_sinners/martin1.html
This article talks about the burned over district, the Erie Canal, in the 1800s.Barton W Stones article sent to the Christian Messenger addressing Religious Revivals.
^^ series of letters directs you to on of Charles Finneys 32 letters commenting on the service that was going on and Charles's thoughts,.
Peter Cartwright documents his life and his experiences at Cane Ridge in a paper. He continues later in the article about the revival and his views.
Works Cited
All pictures are either cited in the captions or are linked to their original locations.
http://www.crookedlakereview.com/books/saints_sinners/martin1.html
"Rise of Evangelicalism." American Studies @ The University of Virginia. Web. 19 Nov. 2010. http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ma95/finseth/evangel.html.
"Second Great Awakening." America - Engaging the World - America.gov. 05 Apr. 2008. Web. 19 Nov. 2010. <http://www.america.gov/st/educ-english/2008/April/20080407113519eaifas0.3545038.html>.
Brinkley, Alan. American History: A Survey. 11th. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003. Print.
Kidder, David, and Noah Oppenheim . The Intellectual Devontional . New York City: Rodale, 2007. 87. Print.
LastLuisi-Potts , Billie. "The Second Great Awakening, Abolition And The Rise of Women's Rights In Seneca Country." Lodi Historical Society . Lodi Historical Society , Web. 17 Nov 2009. http://www.lodihistoricalsociety.com/node/133.
McIntosh, Tim. "American Church History, Charles Finney and the Second Great Awakening." University Church . University Church , Web. 17 Nov 2009. http://theuniversitychurch.info/oldWebsite/public_html/mcintosh2002h.html.
"The Second Great Awakening ." Sullivan Country. Web. 15 Nov 2009. http://www.sullivan-county.com/immigration/2nd_awakening.htm.